Introduction
Indian modern history is a fascinating period marked by significant socio-political and cultural changes. From the struggle for independence to the formation of a democratic nation, this era has shaped the India we know today. In this article, we’ll explore multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to Indian modern history, covering various aspects of this transformative period.
1. The British East India Company was established in which year?
a) 1557
b) 1600
c) 1757
d) 1857
Answer: b) 1600
2. Who was the first Governor-General of India?
a) Lord William Bentinck
b) Lord Cornwallis
c) Warren Hastings
d) Sir John Shore
Answer: c) Warren Hastings
3. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was sparked by the introduction of which rifle to the Indian soldiers?
a) Lee-Enfield rifle
b) Springfield rifle
c) Enfield rifle
d) Mauser rifle
Answer: c) Enfield rifle
4. Who was the leader of the Indian National Congress during India’s struggle for independence?
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer: d) Dadabhai Naoroji
5. The partition of India and Pakistan occurred in which year?
a) 1945
b) 1947
c) 1950
d) 1952
Answer: b) 1947
6. Who was India’s first Prime Minister?
a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) B.R. Ambedkar
d) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Answer: b) Jawaharlal Nehru
7. The slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan” was coined by using:
a) Lal Bahadur Shastri
b) Indira Gandhi
c) Morarji Desai
d) Rajiv Gandhi
Answer: a) Lal Bahadur Shastri
8. The Indian Constitution was adopted on:
a) 15th August 1947
b) 26th January 1949
c) 26th November 1949
d) 2nd October 1950
Answer: c) 26th November 1949
9. Who was the spiritual and political leader known for his non-violent resistance against British rule?
a) Bhagat Singh
b) Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi
10. Which movement is also known as the Non-Cooperation Movement?
a) Quit India Movement
b) Dandi March
c) Civil Disobedience Movement
d) Khilafat Movement
Answer: d) Khilafat Movement
11. Who was the first woman to become the Prime Minister of India?
a) Sonia Gandhi
b) Sushma Swaraj
c) Indira Gandhi
d) Mayawati
Answer: c) Indira Gandhi
12. The INA was formed by:
a) Subhash Chandra Bose
b) Bhagat Singh
c) Chandrashekhar Azad
d) Rajguru
Answer: a) Subhash Chandra Bose
13. The Radcliffe Line demarcated the boundaries between:
a) India and Bangladesh
b) India and Pakistan
c) India and Nepal
d) India and China
Answer: b) India and Pakistan
14. Which of the following leaders is known as the “Iron Man of India”?
a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Lal Bahadur Shastri
d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
15. When did India become a Republic?
a) 15th August 1947
b) 26th January 1949
c) 26th January 1950
d) 2nd October 1950
Answer: c) 26th January 1950
16. The Simon Commission was appointed in India in:
a) 1919
b) 1928
c) 1935
d) 1942
Answer: b) 1928
17. who’s referred to as the “Nightingale of India”?
a) Rani Lakshmibai
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Annie Besant
d) Kamala Nehru
Answer: b) Sarojini Naidu
18. The Chauri Chaura incident during the Non-Cooperation Movement led to:
a) An increase in peaceful protests
b) Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement
c) A surge in British support for Indian independence
d) The end of British rule in India
Answer: b) Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement
19. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 led to:
a) The establishment of a sovereign India
b) The formation of the Indian National Army
c) The partition of India and Pakistan
d) The Quit India Movement
Answer: a) The establishment of a sovereign India
20. Who was known as the “Frontier Gandhi”?
a) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
b) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
c) Abul Kalam Azad
d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Answer: a) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
21. The Poona Pact of 1932 was signed between:
a) Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin
b) Jawaharlal Nehru and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
c) Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi
d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi
22. Which movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi to protest against the British salt tax?
a) Quit India Movement
b) Dandi March
c) Civil Disobedience Movement
d) Khilafat Movement
Answer: b) Dandi March
23. The leader of the Indian National Congress at the time of independence was:
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Acharya Kripalani
Answer: a) Jawaharlal Nehru
24. The Cripps project become sent to India by using the British government in:
a) 1919
b) 1928
c) 1942
d) 1946
Answer: c) 1942
25. Who was the last Viceroy of India?
a) Lord Mountbatten
b) Lord Curzon
c) Lord Dalhousie
d) Lord Ripon
Answer: a) Lord Mountbatten
26. The first partition of Bengal was carried out:
a) 1905
b) 1911
c) 1937
d) 1947
Answer: a) 1905
27. Which of the following events is also known as the “Great Calcutta Killings”?
a) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) Chauri Chaura incident
c) Direct Action Day
d) Quit India Movement
Answer: c) Direct Action Day
28. The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 is famous for:
a) The launch of the Quit India Movement
b) The adoption of the Indian Constitution
c) The announcement of Purna Swaraj
d) The formation of the Indian National Army
Answer: c) The announcement of Purna Swaraj
29. The leader of the Khilafat Movement was:
a) Subhash Chandra Bose
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi
30. The Indian National Congress observed “Independence Day” for the first time on:
a) 15th August 1947
b) 26th January 1950
c) 9th August 1942
d) 2nd October 1947
Answer: c) 9th August 1942
31. The Rowlatt Act was passed in:
a) 1919
b) 1928
c) 1935
d) 1917
Answer: a) 1919
32. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in which city?
a) Lahore
b) Delhi
c) Kolkata
d) Amritsar
Answer: d) Amritsar
33. Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) A.O. Hume
Answer: d) A.O. Hume
34. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in:
a) 1857
b) 1885
c) 1905
d) 1919
Answer: b) 1885
35. Who became the primary President of the Indian countrywide Congress?
a) Dadabhai Naoroji
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
Answer: d) Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
36. The All India Muslim League was founded by:
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: b) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
37. Who was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress?
a) Indira Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Annie Besant
d) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Answer: c) Annie Besant
38. The leader of the Red Shirts Movement in Kerala was:
a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
b) E.M.S. Namboodiripad
c) K. Kelappan
d) K. Kamaraj
Answer: c) K. Kelappan
39. The Quit India Movement was launched in:
a) 1919
b) 1928
c) 1942
d) 1947
Answer: c) 1942
40. Who authored the book “Discovery of India”?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: a) Jawaharlal Nehru
41. The Indian National Army (INA) trials were held at:
a) Red Fort, Delhi
b) Cellular Jail, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
c) Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar
d) Sabarmati Ashram, Gujarat
Answer: b) Cellular Jail, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
42. The Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress in 1916 is famous for:
a) The launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement
b) The Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim League
c) The formation of the All India Muslim(AIM) League
d) The announcement of Poorna Swaraj
Answer: b) The Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim League
43. The leader of the Swaraj Party was:
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c) Chittaranjan Das
d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: c) Chittaranjan Das
44. The Dandi March began from which place?
a) Mumbai
b) Kolkata
c) Ahmedabad
d) Delhi
Answer: c) Ahmedabad
45. The British Prime Minister at the time of Indian independence was:
a) Winston Churchill
b) Clement Attlee
c) Margaret Thatcher
d) Harold Wilson
Answer: b) Clement Attlee
46. The leader of the Ghadar Party was:
a) Bhagat Singh
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Lala Lajpat Rai
d) Kartar Singh Sarabha
Answer: d) Kartar Singh Sarabha
47. The “Rani of Jhansi Regiment” changed fashioned through:
a) Rani Lakshmibai
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Annie Besant
d) Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan
Answer: d) Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan
48. Who was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Services (ICS)?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Satyendranath Tagore
Answer: d) Satyendranath Tagore
49. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on:
a) 13th April 1919
b) 30th January 1948
c) 9th August 1942
d) 26th January 1950
Answer: a) 13th April 1919
50. Who was the last Governor-General of India?
a) Lord Mountbatten
b) Lord Curzon
c) Lord Dalhousie
d) Lord Canning
Answer: a) Lord Mountbatten
51. The Rowlatt Act authorized the British government to:
a) Conduct mass arrests of Indian leaders without trial
b) Impose heavy taxes on Indian goods
c) Seize Indian lands for British settlers
d) Ban Indian participation in sports events
Answer: a) Conduct mass arrests of Indian leaders without trial
52. The Swadeshi Movement aimed at:
a) Promoting foreign goods over Indian products
b) Boycotting British goods and promoting Indian products
c) Encouraging British investment in Indian industries
d) Promoting foreign culture over Indian culture
Answer: b) Boycotting British goods and promoting Indian products
53. The Indian National Congress and the Muslim League jointly demanded “Dominion Status” for India in:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1929
d) 1942
Answer: c) 1929
54. The leader of the Indian National Army (INA) trials was:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Bhagat Singh
Answer: b) Jawaharlal Nehru
55. The historic “Dharasana Satyagraha” was led by:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: a) Mahatma Gandhi
56. The first Round Table Conference was held in London in:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1930
d) 1931
Answer: d) 1931
57. The Indian Home Rule Movement was launched by:
a) Annie Besant
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Kamala Nehru
d) Indira Gandhi
Answer: a) Annie Besant
58. The leader of the “Bardoli Satyagraha” was:
a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
d) Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer: a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
59. The “Ramsay MacDonald Award” was associated with:
a) Educational reforms in India
b) Communal representation in India’s legislative councils
c) Women’s suffrage in India
d) Labor rights in India
Answer: b) Communal representation in India’s legislative councils
60. The “August offer” became made by using the British authorities in:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1940
d) 1942
Answer: c) 1940
61. The leader of the Chittagong Armoury Raid was:
a) Bhagat Singh
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Surya Sen
d) Chandrashekhar Azad
Answer: c) Surya Sen
62. The Indian National Congress passed the “Poorna Swaraj Resolution” in:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1929
d) 1942
Answer: c) 1929
63. The “Quit India motion” became launched in response to:
a) The failure of the Cripps Mission
b) The partition of Bengal
c) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
d) The Rowlatt Act
Answer: a) The failure of the Cripps Mission
64. The leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha was conferred the title of “Sardar” by the people. Who was he?
a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
d) Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer: a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
65. The All India Kisan Sabha turned into fashion under the leadership of:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Answer: d) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
66. The Indian Constitution was adopted on:
a) 15th August 1947
b) 26th January 1949
c) 26th November 1949
d) 2nd October 1950
Answer: c) 26th November 1949
67. The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” was popularized by:
a) Bhagat Singh
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Chandra Shekhar Azad
d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Answer: a) Bhagat Singh
68. the first lady President of the Indian countrywide Congress changed into:
a) Sarojini Naidu
b) Annie Besant
c) Indira Gandhi
d) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
Answer: b) Annie Besant
69. The “Non-Cooperation Movement” was suspended by Mahatma Gandhi in:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1922
d) 1942
Answer: c) 1922
70. The Indian National Congress held its first session in:
a) 1857
b) 1885
c) 1905
d) 1919
Answer: b) 1885
71. The “Champaran Satyagraha” was led by:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: a) Mahatma Gandhi
72. The founder of the All India Forward Bloc was:
a) Bhagat Singh
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: b) Subhash Chandra Bose
73. The Indian National Army (INA) was supported by which country during World War II?
a) Germany
b) Japan
c) Italy
d) France
Answer: b) Japan
74. The first woman to be elected as the President of the United Nations General Assembly was:
a) Indira Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
d) Annie Besant
Answer: c) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
75. The “Rowlatt Act” was also known as:
a) Black Act
b) Salt Act
c) Civil Disobedience Act
d) Jallianwala Bagh Act
Answer: a) Black Act
76. The leader of the “Bhagat Singh” faction of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was:
a) Subhash Chandra Bose
b) Bhagat Singh
c) Chandrashekhar Azad
d) Ram Prasad Bismil
Answer: b) Bhagat Singh
77. The Indian National Army (INA) trials were held at:
a) Red Fort, Delhi
b) Cellular Jail, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
c) Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar
d) Sabarmati Ashram, Gujarat
Answer: b) Cellular Jail, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
78. The slogan “Swaraj is my birthright, and that I shall have it” turned into given by means of:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
79. The first session of the All India Kisan Sabha was held in:
a) 1916
b) 1929
c) 1936
d) 1942
Answer: c) 1936
80. The “Civil Disobedience Motion” changed into launched by using Mahatma Gandhi in:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1930
d) 1942
Answer: c) 1930
81. The “Chittagong Armoury Raid” aimed to:
a) Capture the British Viceroy
b) Capture the British Governor of Bengal
c) Seize weapons from the British armory
d) Attack British troops stationed in Chittagong
Answer: c) Seize weapons from the British armory
82. The Indian National Congress adopted the “Declaration of Independence” in:
a) 1857
b) 1885
c) 1929
d) 1942
Answer: c) 1929
83. The leader of the “Kheda Satyagraha” was:
a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
d) Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer: a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
84. The “Jallianwala Bagh massacre” took place on:
a) 13th April 1919
b) 30th January 1948
c) 9th August 1942
d) 26th January 1950
Answer: a) 13th April 1919
85. The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1920
d) 1930
Answer: c) 1920
86. The leader of the Indian National Congress at the time of independence was:
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Acharya Kripalani
Answer: a) Jawaharlal Nehru
87. The “Simon Commission” was boycotted by Indians because:
a) It did no longer consist of any Indian members
b) Its recommendations were against Indian interests
c) It favored the Indian National Congress
d) It was led by British officials
answer: a) It did no longer consist of any Indian members
88. The “All India Muslim League (AIM)” turned into founded in:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1920
d) 1930
Answer: a) 1905
89. The “Khilafat movement” become launched to protest in opposition to the:
a) Partition of Bengal
b) Rowlatt Act
c) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
d) Dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate
Answer: d) Dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate
90. The leader of the “Salt Satyagraha” was:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: a) Mahatma Gandhi
91. The leader of the “Kakori Conspiracy” was:
a) Bhagat Singh
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Ram Prasad Bismil
d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Answer: c) Ram Prasad Bismil
92. The “Rajagopalachari Formula” proposed by C. Rajagopalachari aimed to:
a) Seek a compromise between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League
b) Demand complete independence for India
c) Boycott British goods and promote Swadeshi products
d) Demand a separate Muslim nation
Answer: a) Seek a compromise between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League
93. The first Chief Minister of West Bengal was:
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Bidhan Chandra Roy
d) Rajendra Prasad
Answer: c) Bidhan Chandra Roy
94. The “Ghadar Party” was founded in:
a) 1905
b) 1913
c) 1915
d) 1920
Answer: c) 1915
95. The first President of the Indian National Congress was:
a) Dadabhai Naoroji
b) A.O. Hume
c) Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
d) Badruddin Tyabji
Answer: c) Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
96. The leader of the “Bhagat Singh” faction of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was:
a) Subhash Chandra Bose
b) Bhagat Singh
c) Chandrashekhar Azad
d) Ram Prasad Bismil
Answer: b) Bhagat Singh
97. The “Delhi-Meerut Conspiracy” trial involved:
a) The trial of revolutionaries involved in the Kakori Conspiracy
b) The trial of leaders demanding Purna Swaraj
c) The trial of revolutionaries involved in the Lahore Conspiracy
d) The trial of revolutionaries involved in the Alipore Bomb Case
Answer: a) The trial of revolutionaries involved in the Kakori Conspiracy
98. The first woman Governor of an Indian state was:
a) Indira Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
d) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
Answer: b) Sarojini Naidu
99. The leader of the “Chauri Chaura incident” was:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Answer: a) Mahatma Gandhi
100. The “Cabinet Mission Plan” proposed:
a) Division of India into two separate nations
b) Creation of a federal structure for independent India
c) System of direct elections for the Constituent Assembly
d) System of communal representation in India’s legislative bodies
Answer: b) Creation of a federal structure for independent India
101. The leader of the “Bengal Swadeshi Movement” was:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Surendranath Banerjee
d) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer: c) Surendranath Banerjee
102. The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian state was:
a) Indira Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Sucheta Kriplani
d) Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
Answer: c) Sucheta Kriplani
103. The “Nagpur Flag Satyagraha” aimed to protest against:
a) The imposition of taxes on peasants
b) The partition of Bengal
c) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre
d) The use of the Union Jack by the Indian National Congress
Answer: d) The use of the Union Jack by the Indian National Congress
104. The “Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)” was founded in:
a) 1950
b) 1965
c) 1980
d) 1991
Answer: c) 1980
105. The “Rani of Jhansi Regiment (RJR)” became a part of:
a) Indian National Army (INA)
b) All India Women’s Conference (AIWC)
c) Indian National Congress
d) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)
Answer: a) Indian National Army (INA)
106. The first woman President of the United Nations General Assembly was:
a) Indira Gandhi
b) Sarojini Naidu
c) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
d) Annie Besant
Answer: c) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
107. The “Khilafat motion” aimed to protest in opposition to the:
a) Partition of Bengal
b) Rowlatt Act
c) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
d) Dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate
Answer: d) Dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate
108. The leader of the “Bardoli Satyagraha” was:
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Answer: d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
109. The “Rowlatt Act” was also known as:
a) Black Act
b) Salt Act
c) Civil Disobedience Act
d) Jallianwala Bagh Act
Answer: a) Black Act
110. The “All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)” was formed in Which year:
a) 1905
b) 1916
c) 1920
d) 1930
Answer: c) 1920
FAQs
Q: What were the major events that led to India’s independence?
A. The major events that led to India’s independence include the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the formation of the Indian National Congress, the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement, and the Quit India Movement.
Q: Who played a significant role in India’s freedom struggle apart from Mahatma Gandhi?
A. alongside Mahatma Gandhi, leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and Bhagat Singh also performed important roles in India’s freedom war.
Q: What was the impact of the partition of India and Pakistan?
A. The partition of India and Pakistan resulted in widespread violence and mass migrations of people across the newly drawn borders. It also left a lasting impact on the relations between the two nations.
Q: Who was the first Prime Minister of India?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru became India’s first Prime Minister after independence in 1947.
Q: What is the significance of 26th January in Indian history?
A. 26th January is a historically significant date as it marks the adoption of the Indian Constitution, making India a Republic on this day in 1950.
Q: What was the significance of the Simon Commission?
A. The Simon Commission was significant as it was the first all-British commission to visit India to discuss constitutional reforms. However, it faced widespread protests as it did not include any Indian members.
Q: What were the major contributions of Sarojini Naidu to India’s independence movement?
A. Sarojini Naidu, known as the “Nightingale of India,” was a prominent poet and freedom fighter. She actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement and played a vital role in inspiring the masses through her poetry.
Q: Why was the Chauri Chaura incident important in India’s freedom struggle?
A. The Chauri Chaura incident was a turning point in India’s freedom struggle. The violence that erupted during a protest led Mahatma Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement, emphasizing the importance of non-violence in the struggle for independence.
Q: What were the key provisions of the Indian Independence Act of 1947?
A. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 led to the partition of British India into two separate nations, India and Pakistan. It granted independence to both countries and marked the end of British colonial rule.
Q: What role did Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan play in India’s freedom movement?
A. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as the “Frontier Gandhi,” was a prominent Pashtun leader who advocated non-violent resistance against British rule. He was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and played a significant role in mobilizing people in the northwest frontier region.
Q: What were the outcomes of the Poona Pact of 1932?
A. The Poona Pact of 1932 was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar regarding reserved seats for the depressed classes (Scheduled Castes) in provincial legislatures. It led to an increase in reserved seats for the depressed classes.
Q: What impact did the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 have on India’s struggle for independence?
A. The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 is famous for the adoption of the resolution demanding “Purna Swaraj” or complete independence from British rule. This resolution set the stage for future movements demanding full sovereignty for India.
Q: What were the main objectives of the All-India Muslim League when it was formed?
A. The All-India Muslim League was formed to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India. Initially, it sought a separate electorate for Muslims and later played a crucial role in the demand for Pakistan.
Q: What was the significance of the Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress in 1916?
A. The Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress in 1916 is significant as it marked the reunion between the extremist and moderate factions within the Congress. It also led to the Lucknow Pact, a milestone in Hindu-Muslim unity.
Q: What was the role of the Red Shirts Movement in Kerala’s history?
A. The Red Shirts Movement, led by K. Kelappan, was a peasant agitation against the oppressive tenancy system in Kerala. The movement demanded better rights for farmers and played a pivotal role in bringing about agrarian reforms.
Q: What were the main objectives of the Swadeshi Movement?
A. The Swadeshi Movement aimed at boycotting British goods and promoting Indian-made products. It aimed to strengthen the Indian economy and promote self-reliance.
Q: What were the major outcomes of the first Round Table Conference held in London?
A. The first Round Table Conference, held in 1931, led to the “Gandhi-Irwin Pact,” which resulted in the release of political prisoners and allowed the participation of the Indian National Congress in the second Round Table Conference.
Q: What was the significance of the Bardoli Satyagraha in India’s freedom struggle?
A. The Bardoli Satyagraha was a successful non-violent protest against the oppressive land revenue policy in Bardoli, Gujarat. Led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, it showcased the power of mass civil disobedience in achieving the demands of the farmers.
Q: What were the contributions of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit to India’s freedom movement?
A. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was a prominent freedom fighter, diplomat, and politician. She actively participated in India’s freedom struggle and later became India’s first woman Cabinet Minister and the first woman President of the United Nations General Assembly.
Q: What were the major demands of the Poorna Swaraj Resolution adopted by the Indian National Congress in 1929?
A. The Poorna Swaraj Resolution demanded complete independence for India, including the establishment of a sovereign and democratic nation where all citizens would have equal rights.